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Computer Network Introduction And Its Benefits

Computer Network Introduction And Its Benefits


Computer Network
A collection of computers and other devices that are connected together by communication channels for sharing information and other resources is called computer network. The resources may include printers, scanners, and hard disk. Computer network is also called the information network. The most popular information network is the internet.

In a computer network, two important technologies: computing and telecommunication work together. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves (Wireless), and satellites.


Uses/Benefits of network
The main beneficts or uses of computer network are :
1- Communication
     Using a network. different people can communicate with each other all over the world. People can communicate at very low cost via e-mail, chatting, telephone, video telephone, video conferencing, groupware, and SMS service.
2- Sharing Resources
In a computer network, resources such as, printers, scanners, fax machine and modems can be shared among different users. Suppose several personal computers and laser printers are connected to network. Each user can acess the printer.
3- Sharing Software
In a Computer network, usually application programs and other software are stored on the central computer. Users connected to a network can access these programs or software
4- Data Sharing
Data or information can be shared among different users. Any Authorized user can access data stored on other computer on the network. For example, on the internet large number of internet users can access same database.

Barcode And Barcode Reader



Barcode
Barcode is a unique identification code. It consists of light and dark vertical lines with spaces between them of different widths. Barcode is printed on most of the manufactured products. It represents the information about the product. Actually, the name of product, its price and other descriptions are coded as Barcode.
There are several bar-coding schemes or systems in use the most popular and commonly used barcode is UPC ( Universal Product Code )


Barcode ReaderBarcode reader is special scanning device. it is used fir reading ( or decoding ) barcode printed on the product or book. It uses laser beam to scan or read the barcode. It reads the barcode and translates it into digital signals. These Signals are input to the computer for further processing. The most common type of bar code reader is the flatbed scanner. it is commonly used in super markets and departmental stores

Digitizer or Graphic Tablet

Digitizer or Graphic Tablet



Digitizer or Graphic Tablet
Digitizer is used for drawing new images or tracing old images. Usually. it is used for making maps and engineering drawings. A digitizer is also known as graphic tablet. It consists of a flat, rectangular board (or pad ) and an input device stylus or puck. Each location on the rectangular board points to corresponding positions on the computer screen. The Stylus or puck is connected to the board/pad by a wire.

Stylus looks like a pen. It is used for drawing images on a specially designed graphics screen or digitizer. Puck looks like a mouse. Puck is also called cursor. Usually, it is generally used for tracing old images
Software And Its Types

Software And Its Types



Software
Software tells the computer what to do and how to do. A computer performs different operations according to the instruction of software. Software is developed in a computer programming language.

Types of Software
Software can be classified into following two main categories or types
      1- System Software
      2- Application Software

System Software
A program or set of programs that is especially designed to control different operations of computer system is called system software. It controls the working of different components of the computer. The system also enables the other application programs to excute properly

Operating systems, utility programs, and device drivers are the examples of system software. Operating system is the main and most popular type of system software.

Application Software
A program or set of programs that are especially designed to solve the specific problems of users, are called application software. It is also known as software package

There are Different kinds of application software such as comercial software, scientific software, financial packages, Games, multimedia software.

Categories of Application software
The Application software is divided into two main categories
     1- Custom-built software
     2- Packaged software

Custom-built software
The software that is developed for a particular customer or organization is called custom-built software. It is also known as customized software. For example, software developed to  maintain the records of students of a particular collage is an example of custom-built software

Packaged Software
The software that is developed for sale to the general public is called packaged software. Packaged software is  used to solve some common problem of many people or users

Some examples of packaged software are ;
    1- Word processor such as MS-Word
    2- Spreadsheet such as MS-Excel
    3- Database software such as MS-Access
    4- Graphic software such as Adobe Photoshop and CorelDraw
    5- Communication Softwware such as Internet Explorer

Primary Hardware Components

The primary Hardware components of computer system are shown in the following figure

                                                    CPU
                                                              ALU
                          Input Device             Control Unit              Output Device
                                                          Memory Unit
                                                       Secondary Storage

Input Device
The data and instructions are given to the computer as input. The input device is used to give input to the computer. It accepts input ( data & program instructions ) in a form that a computer can use. The most commonly used input devices are keyboard and mouse

Processor
Processor is the most important component of the computer. It is also known as Central Processing unit
(CPU). It is considered as the brain of the computer. It processes input data according to the given instructions, and converts it into useful information. It is is further divided into two main components. These are Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).


Memory Unit
The memory unit is another important part of computer. It is used to store data and instructions that are currently in use. The main memory or RAM is an example of memory unit.


Output Device
The Processed data is also known as output. The output device is used to get input from the computer. It gives processed data or results in form that a user can understand. The commonly used output devices are monitors and printers.


Secondary Storage Device
Secondary storage device is used to store data and programs permanently for later use. The commonly used secondary storage devices are hard disk, USB drive, floppy disk, and CD-ROM.